Innovative Biodiesel System Components Continued – Costa Rica system – english/spanish

 

1)      Waste oil collection:  Used cooking oil is collected from local sources, poured through a     metal mesh filter and into a 450 L container with closing valve near the bottom.  Passive solar heat works great to separate any water or leftover junk; the best oil will rise to the top.  The tube used to extract the oil from the container is closed at the bottom, with holes for oil to enter starting about 15 – 20 centimeters up to prevent sucking in the bad stuff.   The watery oil that settles to the bottom of the tank will eventually have to be disposed of through the greywater tube.   The more careful the collection of waste oil, the less often you’ll have to drain the watery crap!

Recogida de residuos: aceite de cocina usado se obtiene de fuentes locales, se vierte a través de un filtro de malla metálica y en un contenedor de 450 L con válvula de cierre en la parte inferior. Calor solar pasiva funciona muy bien para separar el agua o restos de basura, el mejor aceite subirá a la cima. El tubo utilizado para extraer el aceite del recipiente está cerrado en la parte inferior, con orificios para entrada de aceite a partir de aproximadamente 15 – 20 centímetros para impedir la succión en la mala materia. El aceite acuoso, que se deposita en el fondo del tanque al final tendrá que ser eliminados a través del tubo de aguas grises. Cuanto más cuidado la recogida de aceites usados, con menos frecuencia que tendrá que vaciar la basura líquida!

 

2)      Biodiesel processing:  Used oil heated to about 50 – 55 C from the collection container passes through a filter immediately before entering the processing tank.  The braided tube can be permanently marked and used as a sight valve to determine the volume of oil in the tank.  When the desired volume is reached, the reagents (either methoxide or ethoxide) may be introduced into the oil through the valve system.  After processing about an hour using Senor Grasacycle, the mixture is allowed to settle, separate, and then is tested for quality.

Procesamiento de Biodiesel: El aceite usado se calienta a aproximadamente 50 – 55 C desde el recipiente de recogida pasa a través de un filtro inmediatamente antes de entrar en el tanque de procesamiento. El tubo trenzado puede estar marcados y utilizarse como una válvula de la vista para determinar el volumen de aceite en el tanque. Cuando el volumen deseado, los reactivos (ya sea metóxido o etóxido) puede ser introducido en el aceite a través del sistema de válvula. Después del procesamiento de una hora utilizando señor Grasacycle, la mezcla se deja reposar, separar, y luego se ensaya para la calidad.

 

3)    Wash/Dry Tank: When processed biodiesel has settled and passed the 27/3 quality test, it is transferred into the wash/dry tank to remove excess reagents and slight impurities.   The air is bubbled through water and biodiesel for several hours until the biodiesel is clear.  The wash water now contains excess potassium (K) from the KOH and a small amount of excess alcohol (either methanol or ethanol).   These are a healthy part of the nutrients needed for algae to grow, but must be diluted.

Lave / Tanque seco: Cuando el biodiesel elaborado se ha instalado y aprobado el examen 27/3 calidad, se transfiere al tanque de lavado / seco para eliminar el exceso de reactivos e impurezas ligeras. El aire se hace burbujear a través de agua y el biodiesel durante varias horas hasta que el biodiesel es clara. El agua de lavado contiene ahora el exceso de potasio (K) a partir de la KOH y una pequeña cantidad de exceso de alcohol (metanol o etanol). Estos son una parte saludable de los nutrientes necesarios para el crecimiento de algas, pero debe ser diluido.

4)    Storage – After washing and drying, biodiesel is stored in an airtight/water tight 55 gallon drum before being pumped through a final filter and into vehicles.  Since biodiesel can be food for bacteria and algae, it must be stored safely in closed, airtight containers to prevent the growth of unwanted microbes.

De almacenamiento – Después de lavar y secar, el biodiesel se almacena en un recipiente hermético / agua apretado tambor de 55 galones antes de ser bombeado a través de un filtro final y en los vehículos. Dado que el biodiesel puede ser alimento para las bacterias y las algas, que se deben almacenar en recipientes cerrados, herméticos para prevenir el crecimiento de microbios no deseados.

5)    Ethanol Fermentation – ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is produced in the fermentation tank by a community of yeast who give off CO2 during as they grow.   The CO2 is vented into the water where it feeds a type of algae called Chlorella vulgaris. 

Fermentación del etanol – alcohol etílico (etanol) se produce en el tanque de fermentación por una comunidad de levadura (microbio explicar) que emiten CO2 durante su crecimiento. El CO2 se ventila en el agua, donde se alimenta de un tipo de alga llamada Chlorella vulgaris. 

6) Biochar stove/ethanol distillation  – In order to ensure the net effect of our production is carbon negative we use a biochar stove designed by Seachar as a heating device during distillation and heat transfer.  Biochar is a type of charcoal that makes a great soil addition to organic gardens

Biochar estufa / etanol destilación – Con el fin de garantizar el efecto neto de la producción de carbono es negativo se utiliza una estufa biochar diseñada por Seachar como un dispositivo de calentamiento durante la destilación y la transferencia de calor. El biochar es un tipo de carbón que hace una adición excelente suelo para jardines orgánicos.

Carbon Negative biodiesel system: modular components

Modular design should focus on developing scalable, independent functional elements (modules) with a variety of applications and potential uses.

Module 1: Biodiesel processor

Alternative processor design using propane tanks – http://make-biodiesel.org/propane-tank-processor.html.

Notes:  55 gal steel drums with welded “cone bottoms” (http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_processor3.html) should be avoided for use as biodiesel processors.  The thin steel allows too much heat escape, the weld typically leaks after several batches are run, and the system cannot tolerate high pressure.

If using electrical heating elements for processing, electric water heaters are preferable for use as processors, though gas ones may be substituted.  Gas water heaters with donut-style opening in the inner core of the tank are preferable for heat exchange systems.

Module 2: Bicycle powered pump/generator

The red barrel pumps (http://www.harborfreight.com/barrel-pump-45743.html) tend to require a relatively large amount of force to turn.

Alternative pumps: drill master – resistant to solvents, oils, heat, seawater – http://www.harborfreight.com/heavy-duty-drill-powered-pump-98384.html.

Fly wheel system for generator?

Module 3: Biochar stove/heat exchange system

Module 4: Fermentation tank/algae photo bioreactor

Notes:

Rationale for using Chlorella vulgaris

C. vulgaris is a common species of single-celled algae found in most bodies of fresh water.  It is spherical in shape and around 2 to 10 μm in diameter. C. vulgaris multiplies rapidly, requiring only carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and a small amount of nutrients to reproduce. It has been thoroughly investigated as a potential food source due to its high protein content and presence other essential nutrients.   When dried, C. vulgaris is about 45% protein, 20% fat, 20% carbohydrate, 5% fibre, and 10% minerals and vitamins.

What might be the most appropriate DIY oil extraction methods/tools?

• • Cell wall has a high elasticity modulus
  • Even when free water has been removed, wet biomass retains sufficient interstitial water to act as lubricant
• Rupture of cell wall through mechanical friction and steam explosion is only possible when dry
• increased oil production in high KOH wash water

Module 5: Methyl/Ethyl alcohol distillation system

could this be integrated into heat exchanger inside a gas water heater?

Above image: fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), glycerol precipitate.  Ethanol was fermented in photobioreactor fermenter with algal CO2 capture, distilled on biochar stove, and dried with corn starch followed by silica gel.  New vegetable oil (soybean) was processed with ethanol and KOH as a catalyst.   FAEE did not pass the 27/3 test for ASTM spec biodiesel.   Likely sources of error: old, impure KOH; short reaction time.

Ethanol resources:

http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethanol_grits.html

http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_link.html#ethylester

News/Links July 6th

 

Arctic sea ice drops significantly

The NSIDC reports the current rate of arctic sea ice loss is between 100,000 and 150,000 square kilometers per day, more than twice the rate of climatological change.  As of June 19^th, sea ice was less than the previous record low extents for the same time period.

Extinction models overlook critical predator interactions and climate change

Researchers from Yale University and the University of Connecticut suggest that extinction models have overlooked important “species interaction networks.”  The scientists claim that the complexity of these interactions typically limits their predictive abilities of the effects of climate change in extinction rates. 

Top consumers such as keystone predators and herbivores tend to have a much more profound influence on survivability of very many other organisms within larger, inter-related networks.  Alterations to these “biotic multiplier” species often leads to large fluxes throughout entire food webs.  In some cases, climate change may lead to relatively gradual ecosystem flux, in other instances it may alter keystone species, leading to rapid, systemic change.

The report’s primary author, Phoebe Zarnetske, explains, “Species interactions are necessary for life on Earth. We rely on fisheries, timber, agriculture, medicine and a variety of other ecosystem services that result from intact species interactions… Humans have already altered these important species interactions, and climate change is predicted to alter them further. Incorporating these interactions into models is crucial to informed management decisions that protect biodiversity and the services it provides.”

Toxic food abundant in China

Official Chinese news agency Xinhua admitted that food safety authorities have exposed some 15,000 instances of unsafe food this year.   Investigative reporters from the Chinese periodical Caixin have discovered that the actual amount of toxic food cases is much, much greater, claiming, “these publicized food safety scandals represent only a fraction of unsafe food production practices. Hundreds of chemical food additives are pumped into products that Chinese people consume every day.”

Milk and dairy product contamination has been a particular problem.  In the year 2008, contamination of infant formula and dairy products was linked to 300,000 cases of sickness and the deaths of six children.  Issues concerning widespread contamination of dairy products have been “reportedly blocked by government censors,” and resulted in the execution of several milk distributors.

“Resilience” for the rich and impoverishment for global biodiversity?

During the Global Earth Summit in Rio, dozens of catadores – Brazilians who subside by sifting through waste heaps for scraps and recyclables – tolerated miserable, muddy conditions in makeshift encampments to have their voices heard. 

The National Movement of Collectors of Recyclable Materials or “Movimento” organizer João Paolo explained, “Members of the Movimento are staying in unsanitary conditions. The bathrooms are incredibly filthy… The food is terrible. Many companheiros have food poisoning.”

Greg Hanscom describes the situation during the Rio Earth Summit, writing, “The scene is a stark contrast to the heavily guarded compound on the city’s far fringe where the official Earth Summit proceedings are taking place. There, besuited dignitaries and delegates bustle between air-conditioned tents and prefabricated buildings, wielding cell phones and laptops, sipping espresso and bier served by Brazilian waitresses dressed as German bar wenches. Special buses shuttle officials between the summit and hotel rooms that soared to nearly $500 a night as the summit approached.”

Meanwhile, in Colorado, the recent annual Aspen Environmental Forum – despite funding from the Coca-Cola Company, International mining giant Vale, and Duke Energy – charged 600 USD per day to attendees for sessions by elite environmentalists, scientists and resilience professionals.  A 3,000 USD “Patron Pass” could be purchased for admission to the 4 day seminar and “intimate special events featuring our speakers and other distinguished guests.”   

The Forum’s theme for 2012 was “Living in the New Normal,” and was focused on “addressing solutions for adapting to the greatest challenge of our time.”  As massive wildfires erupted throughout neighboring regions of Colorado, attendees discussed topics including the application of consistently failed genetic engineering techniques for the recovery of individual extinct species to greenwashing natural gas exploration and fracking.   With drought, high heat, more intense storms, and increased wildfires expected for Colorado and much of the US, the Forum might be do well to consider next year’s theme as “putting out those enormous fires everywhere around us.” 

The end of the myth of perpetual growth: everything you know about economics is dangerously wrong

An insightful Wall Street Marketwatch commentary claims the theories, business models, and sum of economic logic is a destructive, threatening fiction.   Author, analyst and former investment banker Paul Farrel explains, “…driving the economists’ growth myth is population growth. It’s the independent variable in their equation. Population growth drives all other derivative projections, forecasts and predictions.  All GDP growth, income growth, wealth growth, production growth, everything. These unscientific growth assumptions fit into the overall left-brain, logical, mind-set of western leaders, all the corporate CEOs, Wall Street bankers and government leaders who run America and the world. But just because a large group collectively believes in something doesn’t make it true. Perpetual growth is still a myth no matter how many economists, CEOs, bankers and politicians believe it. It’s still an illusion trapped in the brains of all these irrational, biased and uncritical folks.”

“Mega-wombat” mass grave discovered in Australia

Paleontologist’s recently unearthed the largest grave site of fossil “mega-wombat” remains in Queensland, Australia.   The skeletons of about 50 diprotodons – enormous, vegetarian marsupials – are thought to have been picked dry by giant prehistoric crocodiles and lizards.  Both the giant relatives of the modern wombat as well as the mega-crocodiles and mega-lizards inhabited the region over 100,000 years ago.  Early human hunters and altered climate are suspected to have led to the extinction of the massive mammals.

Queensland Museum in Brisbane lead scientist Scott Hocknull explained, “We’re almost certain that most of these carcasses of diprotodon have been torn apart by both the crocodiles and the lizards, because we’ve found shed teeth within their skeletons from both animals.”

“Rare mushroom” discovered by Chinese villagers turns out to be rubber sex toy

An investigative report aired June 17th on China’s Xi’an TV details the supposed unearthing of what is initially claimed to be a rare plant/mushroom.  After closer inspection, however, it became clear the item was actually a human-made sex toy.  Producers of the news show have apologized for the report, stating, “As our reporter was still very young and unwise to the ways of the world, this report has brought great inconvenience to everyone… We’d like to take this opportunity to thank everyone from the bottom of our hearts for your criticism and correction. Please forgive our oversight!”

 

 

 

Beneath the rubble: urban agricultural growth from between the cracks

 

As global economic downturn expands through the Americas, the Eurozone and the world at large, adaptive responses in development of do-it-yourself food production have blossomed.   

 

Grist’s Heather Smith explains, “In the aftermath of the housing bubble, interesting signs have begun to suggest that the economics of dirt may be shifting. In fact it might one day be more valuable to grow food on a plot of land than to plop a house down on top of it. A few farmers recently made a killing buying back the farms they’d cashed out on. Meanwhile, the value of farmland in Iowa has increased by 33 percent, setting off speculation that farmland could be the next bubble. (It’s a bubble fueled by corn for ethanol and therefore food for cars instead of people, but still, it holds promise.) And then there is the matter of the failed shopping mall in Cleveland that began doing double-duty as a greenhouse.”

 

 

China Factory Construction Halted Amid Protests

Officials in China stopped the building of a copper factory in the Sichuan province after intense protests.  Large crowds of concerned citizens voiced their disapproval of the plant on environmental and health concerns.  

Chinese government officials released a statement regarding the issue, claiming they would postpone the construction of the factory “until the majority of the people support it.”

 

News/Links May 13

Greek government talks turn ugly

Athens, Greece (CNN) — Greek politicians traded insults and accusations Sunday following an effort by President Karolos Papoulias to broker a coalition government, increasing the possibility of new elections in the debt-stricken country.

 

Spain protests in pictures

Demonstrations have taken place across Spain on the first anniversary of the indignado movement, which has being protesting against political corruption, government austerity measures, the economic crisis as well as high unemployment.

Italy protests austerity measures

Tens of effigies were hung off bridges over Rome’s river Tiber on Friday, symbolising the upsurge in suicides in Italy over the economic crisis.

 

Arrests in UK Occupy Protests

The Occupy movement has targeted the Bank of England in London, leading to the arrest of 11 of their number.

The arrests were made for public order offences linked to the day’s demonstrations, which led to about 10 tents being set up outside the banking institution late on Saturday afternoon, City of London Police said.

The protest by about 300 demonstrators in the City of London was part of a global day of action in which thousands of people staged rallies in cities including Moscow, New York, Athens and Madrid, organisers said.

Anarchists ‘shot nuclear boss Roberto Adinolfi’

Roberto Adinolfi, 53, was shot in the leg by a gunman on a motorbike in the northern Italian city of Genoa.

He has undergone surgery and colleagues have said his condition is not serious.

The “Olga Cell” of the FAI (Informal Anarchist Federation), made the claim by a letter sent to the Italian daily Corriere della Sera.

 

NASA’s James Hansen is correct about catastrophic drought in US

“Over the next several decades, the Western United States and the semi-arid region from North Dakota to Texas will develop semi-permanent drought, with rain, when it does come, occurring in extreme events with heavy flooding. Economic losses would be incalculable. More and more of the Midwest would be a dust bowl. California’s Central Valley could no longer be irrigated. Food prices would rise to unprecedented levels.”

 

Weekend Edition: Are you Going to Complain or Prosper?

I think it’s important to remember that becoming resilient isn’t merely a lifestyle choice or a neat thing to do.  Instead, given what’s ahead of us, it’s an imperative.

It’s the way to protect ourselves and our loved ones against a turbulent future.   A future filled with financial, environmental, resource, health, political, and economic disruptions.  Disruptions that nobody can stop.

 

 

 

April 3 New/Links

No Fat Babies!

Overweight pregnant women given drugs to prevent having fat babies

“The trial has angered many health experts who say overweight mothers should be encouraged to exercise and eat properly rather than just pop a pill to produce a thinner baby.

Doctors behind the trail say that obesity among pregnant women is reaching epidemic proportions and they need to act now to protect the health of tomorrow’s children.”

United States plotting to produce nuclear powered drones

Linda Hamilton and Edward Furlong put on stand-by “just in case”

‘”It’s pretty terrifying prospect,” said Chris Coles of Drone Wars UK, which campaigns against the increasing use of drones for both military and civilian purposes. “Drones are much less safe than other aircraft and tend to crash a lot. There is a major push by this industry to increase the use of drones and both the public and government are struggling to keep up with the implications.”‘

Power-nerds conclude civilization might not make it through climate change

Planet prepares to fart off industrial humans with giant methane release

“Research now demonstrates that the continued functioning of the Earth system as it has supported the well-being of human civilization in recent centuries is at risk. Without urgent action, we could face threats to water, food, biodiversity and other critical resources: these threats risk intensifying economic, ecological and social crises, creating the potential for a humanitarian emergency on a global scale….”

Mainstream environmental news site suggests preparing for collapse

Notice how hard it is – even at this point – for anyone within mainstream society to admit the nature of the problem; instead of preparing for global ecological crises and social upheaval get ready for Zombies and maybe Aliens. 

“Last year the Center for Disease Control used the threat of a Zombie Apocalypse to educate the public on how to prepare for a severe disaster.”

Yemen troops bomb the shit out of supposed ‘Al Qaeda fighters’

Because nothing quells a revolution like bombin’ stuff!

“Meanwhile, armed fighters have claimed responsibility for blowing up an oil pipeline in southern Yemen late on Monday in a second such attack in retaliation for a US drone strike that killed five suspected al-Qaeda members on Friday.

Yemen’s oil and gas pipelines have been repeatedly sabotaged since anti-government protests broke out in January 2011.

Ansar al-Sharia, an armed group affiliated with al-Qaeda, said in a text message on Tuesday that the latest oil pipeline explosion was part of “a chain of attacks” planned in response to the US strike.”

 

News/Links March 12

The True Cost of Powering an Electric Car

Because of the variety of utility rates in the U.S., a 2011 Nissan Leaf that’s a bargain to drive in Washington — $28.29 for 1,000 miles — is pricey in Hawaii, where those 1,000 miles would cost $97.21. A conventional car getting 36 mpg would make that trip for the same money. For consumers primarily interested in driving an EV to save money, it’s critical to know actual electric rates (and the current cost of gasoline, for comparison purposes) instead of relying on national averages.

 

The Myth of Renewable Energy

Renewable energy sounds so much more natural and believable than a perpetual-motion machine, but there’s one big problem: Unless you’re planning to live without electricity and motorized transportation, you need more than just wind, water, sunlight, and plants for energy. You need raw materials, real estate, and other things that will run out one day. You need stuff that has to be mined, drilled, transported, and bulldozed — not simply harvested or farmed. You need non-renewable resources.

Self-interest and the Elite

The answer Piff found after conducting seven different experiments is: no. The pursuit of self-interest is a “fundamental motive among society’s elite, and the increased want associated with greater wealth and status can promote wrongdoing,” Piff and his colleagues wrote yesterday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

US and UN demand end to Syrian bloodshed

“The international community should say with one voice, without hesitation or caveat, that the killing of innocent Syrians must stop and a political transition must begin,” Clinton said.

William Hague, Britain’s foreign secretary whose country organised the debate as president of the Security Council for March, said the “the situation in Syria casts a long shadow over this debate”.

“In the eyes of the overwhelming majority of the world, this council has so far failed in its responsibilities toward the Syrian people.”

Madagascar storms and emergency aid

More than 110 are dead and 330,000 homeless after two tropical storms battered Madagascar over the past month, says the island nation’s disaster management agency.

Most of the deaths occurred last week when Irina struck eastern Madagascar from February 26-March 2, but the bulk of crop damage and housing loss was caused by Cyclone Giovanna which hit February 13 and 14.

January 17 News, Links

Russia warming at alarming rate

“Average warming in Russia in the past 100 years was 1.5 to two times higher than overall global warming,” the forecast read.

“In addition, as compared to the 100-year trend, the rate of warming grew several times, annual precipitation figures are growing… as is the frequency and intensity of flooding.”

Analysts suspect dramatic rise in price of gas by this summer

Right now, if you need to fill up a 15 gallon car at a local gas station with regular unleaded gasoline, you are paying about $50 at the pump.  According to GasBuddy, by the beginning of the summer, it could be almost $70.

For those with SUV’s that hold 28 gallons, right now, it is about $92 to fill your tank.  You could pay up to $130 on Memorial Day weekend with GasBuddy calculations.

So, what is to blame?

GasBuddy points partly to instability in Iran especially after the country threatened to shut down a key oil passageway.

Another potential reason: Keystone XL.  It a proposed new pipeline that would run from Canada to Texas could shake up prices in either direction.

Fitch ratings sees Greece default on debt

The euro area’s most indebted country is unlikely to be able to honor a March 20 bond payment of 14.5 billion euros ($18 billion), Parker said today in an interview in Stockholm. Efforts to arrange a private sector deal on how to handle Greece’s obligations would constitute a default, he said.

Protest in Peru against proposed goldmine

A US-backed billion-dollar gold mine has attracted thousands of protestors in recent weeks. Many have the poor economic legacy of existing mines fresh in their minds, reports Gervase Pouldon in Cajamarca, Peru.

The protesters say the project would threaten local water supplies whilst Conga’s proponents claim this is untrue and that the scheme would bring development to Peru – and the wider region.

The majority shareholders of the Conga project are the Peruvian company Buenaventura and the US firm Newmont, the second largest gold mining company in the world. Both are no strangers to the region of Cajamarca; also owning the main stake in nearby Yanacocha gold mine. Yanacocha has at times suffered a strained relationship with some of the surrounding populace.

Record global food prices in 2011

The Food Price Index’s average for the year was 228 points, 28 points higher than the past record set in 2008.

Climate Change and the ski industry

As both global greenhouse gas emissions and global temperatures continue to rapidly rise, ski areas around the world are confronting similar conditions.  Formerly premier ski destinations such as Whistler, in Canada, may disappear entirely, and the ski seasons are expected to become much shorter in the next two decades and onward.

Russia Planning War Games for Iran/US conflict

Russia will block any further sanctions against Iran in the UN Security Council, a Foreign Ministry official said Tuesday, because it believes rising tensions could trigger a conflict that would destabilize the wider region. Last week Russian deputy prime minister and former ambassador to NATO Dmitry Rogozin warned that any Western attack on Iran would constitute “a direct threat to [Russian] national security.”

Global Guerrilla Gardens